Anti-Climacus

This is a pretty good example of poor historical thinking: if the question is the state of law in or around the year 5 BC (and the law in Palestine, not Rome), the right resource is probably not a Roman jurist who was born 170 years later, not least because there were some significant changes in the Roman state and its treatment of outlying territories over that time. Ulpian's not a bad resource to start out with, but he can't be the final word. (Also, it should hardly need saying: you don't solve this problem by quoting sources that are newer than Ulpian, unless they're based on newly available sources)